العوامل المؤثرة في تحقيق التزام البائع بنقل ملكية المحل التجاري وتسليمه للمشتري

دراسة مقارنة

Factors Affecting the Realization of the Seller's Obligation to Transfer the Commercial Shop Ownership and Its Delivery to the Buyer: A Comparative Study

المحل التجاري من أهم الأدوات لتسيير النشاط التجاري والاقتصادي، فهو المتجر الذي يتخذه التاجر لعرض بضائعه وسلعه، وهو المصنع الذي يعتمده الصانع لإنتاج صناعته، وهو المكتب الذي يستخدمه مُقدم الخدمة لتقديم خدماته، وهو بمفهومه المعاصر فكرة حديثة امتزجت مع فكرة حديثة أخرى وهي فكرة الحقوق المعنوية، واشتمل على عدة عناصر مادية ومعنوية متنوعة، وقد جاء هذا البحث متبعًا المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي المقارن ليلقي الضوء على جزئية مهمة تتعلق بالعوامل المؤثرة في تحقيق وتنفيذ التزام البائع بنقل ملكية المحل التجاري للمشتري وتسليمه له بعناصره المعنوية والمادية الداخلة في عقد البيع، وما تُثيره من إشكالات تتعلق بكل عنصر حسب طبيعته وحسب القانون الذي ينتمي إليه، بهدف تقديم دراسة عن هذا الموضوع وفقًا للنظام السعودي مع المقارنة بالقوانين والاتجاهات الأخرى، للمساهمة في إجلاء وتوضيح بعض الجوانب الغامضة في هذا الموضوع، وللمساهمة في إكمال بعض الجوانب التنظيمية التي تحكم هذا الموضوع، في خطة بحث مكونة من مبحثين: أحدهما في بيان التزام البائع بنقل ملكية المحل التجاري للمشتري وطرق تحقيق هذا الأمر بجوانبه الشكلية والموضوعية، والثاني في بيان التزام البائع بتسليم المحل التجاري للمشتري بعناصره المعنوية والمادية وبيان الأثر المترتب على عدم التزام البائع بالتسليم، وصولًا إلى استخلاص أهم النتائج واقتراح أهم التوصيات التي تتمثل في اقتراح إضافة بعض المواد وتعديل بعضها، ومنح بعض الصلاحيات للقاضي المختص، وتوصية المتعاقدين بكتابة كل تفاصيل العقد قطعًا للاختلافات والمنازعات .

الكلمات المفتاحية: المحل التجاري، المتجر، بيع المحل التجاري، القانون التجاري، النظام السعودي

Abstract

     Commercial shop is one of the most important tools for the exercise of commercial and economic activity, it is the store where the trader showcase his goods and commodities, it is the factory where the manufacturer uses for his production, it is the office used by the service provider to provide his services. In its contemporary sense, it is a modern idea that is interwoven with another modern idea which is the idea of moral rights which includes several various material and moral elements. The present research followed the comparative descriptive and analytical approach to highlight an important part of the factors affecting the realization and implementation of the seller's obligation to transfer ownership of the commercial  store and deliver it to the buyer with its moral and material elements in the sales contract; and the problems it raises in relation to each element by its nature and by the related law, which aims at presenting a study on this subject according to the Saudi law in comparison with other laws and trends, in order to contribute to the explanation and clarification of some ambiguous aspects of this subject and to complement some of the legal aspects governing this subject, in a research plan composed of two chapters: One on the clarification of the seller's obligation to transfer ownership of the commercial store to the buyer and ways of realizing this in both formal and substantive aspects, The second is the clarification of the seller's obligation to deliver the store to the buyer with its moral and material elements and the consequence of the seller's non-obligation, and finally the most important findings and recommendations which include: the recommendation of the addition of some articles and amending some of them, and granting certain authorities to the presiding judge, and recommendation to the contractors to write all contract particulars to avoid differences and disputes.

Keywords: Commercial store - shop – commercial store sale - commercial law - Saudi law. 

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