درجة إسهام التنمر السيبراني في الجوانب الأكاديمية والنفسية والأسرية والاجتماعية للمتنمر وضحايا التنمر لدى طلاب وطالبات المرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية بالمدينة المنورة
أ. د. بندر بن عبد الله الشريف
Prof. Bandar Bin Abdullah Alsharif
د. عبد العاطي عبد الكريم محمد
Dr. Abdulaaty A. M. Ahmed
تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد درجة إسهام التنمر السيبراني في الجوانب الأكاديمية والنفسية والأسرية والاجتماعية لدى المتنمرين سيبرانياً وضحايا التنمر السيبراني. تكونت عينة الدراسة النهائية من (2804) طالباً وطالبة بالمرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية بالمدينة المنورة، وبلغ عدد المتنمرين سيبرانياً (244) طالباً وطالبة، وبلغ عدد ضحايا التنمر السيبراني (659) من الجنسين.
واستخدمت الدراسة استبانة تم من خلالها سؤال المشاركين "هل قاموا بالتنمر السيبراني أو تعرضوا للتنمر السيبراني كضحايا؟"، كما استخدمت الدراسة استبانة للجوانب الأكاديمية والنفسية والاجتماعية والأسرية المتأثرة بالتنمر السيبراني.
وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن التنمر السيبراني كان له أثر في جميع الجوانب الأكاديمية والنفسية والاجتماعية والأسرية لدى أفراد عينة المتنمرين سيبرانياً من طلاب وطالبات المرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية بالمدينة المنورة، فيما عدا الجانب الأسري لدى عينة طالبات المرحلة الثانوية، حيث لم يكن للتنمر السيبراني تأثير واضح فيه.
كما أظهرت النتائج وجود أثر للتنمر السيبراني في الجوانب الأكاديمية والنفسية والاجتماعية لدى أفراد عينة ضحايا التنمر السيبراني من طلاب وطالبات المرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية بالمدينة المنورة، لكن لم يكن هناك أثر للتنمر السيبراني في الجانب الأسري. وجاء الجانب النفسي في مقدمة الجوانب المتأثرة لدى عينة المتنمرين سيبرانياً، باستثناء طالبات المرحلة المتوسطة حيث جاء الجانب الأكاديمي في المقدمة.
كما جاء الجانب النفسي في مقدمة الجوانب المتأثرة لدى عينة ضحايا التنمر السيبراني من طلاب وطالبات المرحلتين المتوسطة والثانوية، بينما جاء الجانب الأسري في المرتبة الأخيرة لأنه لم يتأثر بالتنمر السيبراني لدى أفراد العينة. وقدمت الدراسة عدداً من التوصيات والبحوث المستقبلية المقترحة.
The study aims at determining the extent to which cyberbullying contributes to the academic, psychological, familial and social aspects among cyberbullies and victims of cyberbullying. The Final sample of the study consisted of (2804) male and female students enrolled in the middle and high schools in Madinah, of whom (244) were cyberbullies and (659) were cyber victims of both genders. The study utilized a questionnaire in which participants were asked if they cyberbullied others or were cyber victimized by others. The study used, also, a second questionnaire of the academic, psychological, familial, and social aspects impacted by cyberbullying. Findings of the study revealed that cyberbullying had an effect on all academic, psychological, social and familial aspects of the sample of cyberbullies of the middle and high schools in Madinah, with the exception of the familial aspect among the sample of high school female students, where cyberbullying had no clear impact on it. The results showed that cyberbullying had an effect on the academic, psychological and social aspects among victims of cyberbullying of male and female students in the middle and high schools in Madinah, whereas there was no effect of cyberbullying on the familial aspect. The psychological aspect came in the first place of the affected aspects in the sample of cyberbullies, except for the middle school female students, whereas academic aspect came in the first place. The psychological aspect came in the first place among the victims of cyberbullying of male and female students in the middle and high schools in Madinah, while the familial aspect came in the last rank, since it was not affected by cyberbullying in participants. The study provided a number of recommendations and future research.
الزهراني، نورة (2019). التوافق الأسري وعلاقته بالتنمر الإلكتروني لدى الأبناء. مجلة الفنون والأدب وعلوم الإنسانيات والاجتماع، كلية الإمارات للعلوم التربوية، 40، 157-182
السويهري، سعود (2019). الحد من سلوكيات التنمر الإلكتروني والتأثيرات السلبية للسيبرانية على الشخصية الإنسانية. مجلة كلية التربية، جامعة طنطا، 73(1)، 684-716
المصطفى، عبد العزيز (2017). دور التنمر الإلكتروني لدى أطفال المنطقة الشرقية بالمملكة العربية السعودية. مجلة العلوم التربوية والنفسية، مركز النشر العلمي، جامعة البحرين، 18 (3)، 243-260
عبيدات، ذوقان، وعبد الحق، كايد، وعدس، عبد الرحمن (2014). البحث العلمي: مفهومه وأدواته وأساليبه، دار الفكر، عَمَّان، ط16.
علوان، عماد (2016). أشكال التنمر في ضوء بعض المتغيرات الديموغرافية بين الطلاب المراهقين بمدينة أبها. مجلة كلية التربية، جامعة الأزهر، 35 (168)، 441-474
مطاوع، ضياء الدين، والخليفة، جعفر (2017). مبادئ البحث ومهاراته في العلوم التربوية والنفسية والاجتماعية. مكتبة المتنبي، ط 3.
مقراني، مباركة (2018). التنمر الإلكتروني وعلاقته بالقلق الاجتماعي: دراسة ميدانية على تلاميذ السنة الثانية ثانوي مدمني مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي ببعض ثانويات مدينة ورقلة. رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، جامعة قاصدي مرباح ورقلة.
Abaido, G. (2020). Cyberbullying on social media platforms among university students in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 407-420.
Ates, B., Kaya, A., & Tunç, E. (2018). The investigation of predictors of cyberbullying and cyber victimization in adolescents. International Journal of Progressive Education, 14(5), 103-118.
Begum, J., Munir, N., & Baig, I. (2019). The gender based effect of cyber bullying on academic achievement and behavior of students at higher secondary level. Global Social Sciences Review, 4(1), 235-245
Bell, R., Arnold, E., Golden, S., Langdon, S., Anderson, A., & Bryant, A. (2014). Perceptions and psychosocial correlates of bullying among Lumbee Indian youth. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research (Online), 21(1), 1.
Betz, C. (2011). Cyberbullying: The virtual threat. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 4(26), 283-284
Bevilacqua, L., Shackleton, N., Hale, D., Allen, E., Bond, L., Christie, D., ... & Miners, A. (2017). The role of family and school-level factors in bullying and cyberbullying: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 17(1), 160.
Bhalla, R. (2014). Cyberbullying victimization, self-blame, and teacher and peer support: A moderational analysis. A doctoral dissertation, Fordham University
Bhat, C., Chang, S., & Linscott, J. (2010). Addressing cyberbullying as a media literacy issue. New Horizons in Education, 58(3), 34-43.
Byrd, J. (2015). The role of cyberbullying victimization in sexual minority adolescents' reported levels of depression and anxiety. A doctoral dissertation, University of Northern Colorado
Campbell, M., Slee, P., Spears, B., Butler, D., & Kift, S. (2013). Do cyberbullies suffer too? Cyberbullies’ perceptions of the harm they cause to others and to their own mental health. School Psychology International, 34(6), 613-629
Canty, V. (2015). Exploring legal obligations of school administrators and faculty dealing with cyberbullying: A case study. A doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix.
Chan, K. (2016). A Study of the five main aspects of the family values of youth-at-risk in a Hong Kong home for children and juveniles. A doctoral dissertation, University of Hong Kong
Chen, L., & Cheng, Y. (2017). Perceived severity of cyberbullying behaviour: Differences between genders, grades and participant roles. Educational Psychology, 37(5), 599-610
Cyrus, D. (2015). Intervention for cyberbullying prevention in schools and community. A Master’s thesis, Saint Mary's College of California
Davenport III, A. (2015). The educational effect of cyberbullying on post high school graduate students in rural northeast North Carolina. A doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University.
Dictionary, R. (2020). Reverso—online dictionary. Retrieved at: https://dictionary.reverso.net/english-cobuild/academic+aspects
Elkady, A. (2019). The mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between perceived social support and cyber-bullying victimization among adolescents in Egypt. International Journal of Psycho-Educational Sciences, 8, 6-13.
Felt, J. (2015). Reification of the teenage victim: How Canadian news frames cyberbullying as a social problem. A doctoral dissertation, University of Calgary
Floros, G., Siomos, K., Fisoun, V., Dafouli, E., & Geroukalis, D. (2013). Adolescent online cyberbullying in Greece: The impact of parental online security practices, bonding, and online impulsiveness. Journal of School Health, 83(6), 445-453.
Forssell, R. (2016). Exploring cyberbullying and face-to-face bullying in working life–prevalence, targets and expressions. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 454-460.
Frost-Morgan, S. (2015). Factors associated with cyberbullying behavior during adolescence: A retrospective study. A doctoral dissertation, Alliant International University
Galloway, R. (2017). Underreporting of cyberbullying and reasons why. A Master’s thesis, Regent University.
Goebert, D., Else, I., Matsu, C., Chung-Do, J., & Chang, J. (2011). The impact of cyberbullying on substance use and mental health in a multiethnic sample. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(8), 1282-1286
G?mez-Ortiz, O., Apolinario, C., Romera, E., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2019). The role of family in bullying and cyberbullying involvement: Examining a new typology of parental education management based on adolescents’ view of their parents. Social Sciences, 8(1), 25.
Harshman, K. (2014). Assessing effectiveness of age-appropriate curriculum on internet safety education and cyberbullying prevention. A doctoral dissertation, Grand Canyon University
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. (2013). Social influences on cyberbullying behaviors among middle and high school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 711-722.
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. (2010). Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives of Suicide Rresearch, 14(3), 206-221
Holfeld, B., & Sukhawathanakul, P. (2017). Associations between internet attachment, cyber victimization, and internalizing symptoms among adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(2), 91-96
Kowalski, R., & Limber, S. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), S13-S20
Kowalski, R., Giumetti, G., Schroeder, A., & Lattanner, M. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073-1137
Kraft, E., & Wang, J. (2009). Effectiveness of cyber bullying prevention strategies: A study on students' perspectives. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 3(2), 513-535.
Laborde, S. (2015). Cyberbullying: The final frontier of victimization. A Master’s thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Lapierre, K., & Dane, A. (2020). Cyberbullying, cyber aggression, and cyber victimization in relation to adolescents’ dating and sexual behavior: An evolutionary perspective. Aggressive Behavior, 46(1), 49-59.
Lee, C. (2017). Weak commitment to school, deviant peers, and cyberbullying victimization-strain in adolescent cyberbullying. A doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.
Lee, Y., & Wu, W. (2018). Factors in cyber bullying: The attitude-social influence-efficacy model. Anales De Psicolog?a/Annals of Psychology, 34(2), 324-331.
L?pez-Castro, L., & Priegue, D. (2019). Influence of family variables on cyberbullying perpetration and victimization: A systematic literature review. Social Sciences, 8(3), 98
Lucas-Molina, B., Perez-Albeniz, A., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2018). The potential role of subjective wellbeing and gender in the relationship between bullying or cyberbullying and suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Research, 270, 595-601
Lynch, T., Green, V., Bowden, C., & Harcourt, S. (2015). Why our family? Parental responses to cyberbullying. Kairaranga, 16(1), 7-19.
Meter, D., & Bauman, S. (2018). Moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring: Effects on traditional bullying and victimization via cyberbullying involvement. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(3), 303-326.
Miller, J. , & Hufstedler, S. (2009). Cyberbullying knows no borders. Refereed paper presented at ‘Teacher Education Crossing Borders: Cultures, Contexts, Communities and Curriculum’ the Annual Conference of the Australian Teacher Education Association (ATEA).
Mishna, F., Cook, C., Gadalla, T., Daciuk, J., & Solomon, S. (2010). Cyber bullying behaviors among middle and high school students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(3), 362-374
Mitchell, M. (2011). Cyberbullying and academic achievement: Research into the rates of incidence, knowledge of consequences, and behavioral patterns of cyberbullying. A doctoral dissertation, University of Connecticut.
Muzamil, M., & Shah, G. (2016). Cyberbullying and self-perceptions of students associated with their academic performance. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 12(3), 79-92
Parker, G. (2011). Selected community leaders’ perceptions of the role of the community college and the community college President in the community. A doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University
Peri?in, D., & Opic, S. (2013). Connection between exposure to internet content and violent behavior among students. The 1st International Conference "Research and Education Challenges toward the Future- ICRAE, Shkodër, 24 – 25 May, Organized by Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Shkodra “Luigj Gurakuqi
Piotrowski, C. (2011). Cyber-bullying in school settings: A research citation analysis. Online Submission. Retrieved at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED525783.pdf
Postal, A. (2015). Where the Schoolhouse Gates end: An analysis of State Cyberbullying Laws. A doctoral dissertation, Georgetown University
Russell, B. (2015). Public school principals' awareness and readiness to address cyberbullying concerns in Missouri. A doctoral dissertation, Saint Louis University
Ryan, J. (2014) Cyberbullying: Negative impacts call for stronger legislation. A Master’s thesis, Utica College, New York
Safaria, T. (2016). Prevalence and impact of cyberbullying in a sample of Indonesian junior high school students. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 15(1), 82-9
Sbarbaro, V., & Smith, T. (2011). An exploratory study of bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among economically/educationally disadvantaged middle school students. American Journal of Health Studies, 26(3), 139-151
Shapka, J., Onditi, H., Collie, R., & Lapidot?Lefler, N. (2018). Cyberbullying and cybervictimization within a cross?cultural context: A study of Canadian and Tanzanian adolescents. Child Development, 89(1), 89-99.
Shapka, J., & Law, D. (2013). Does one size fit all? Ethnic differences in parenting behaviors and motivations for adolescent engagement in cyberbullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 723-738.
Silvestri, G. (2015). Socioeconomics, demographics, and cyberbullying: A quantitative study. A doctoral dissertation, Capella University.
Sittichai, R., & Smith, P. (2018). Bullying and cyberbullying in Thailand: Coping strategies and relation to age, gender, religion and victim status. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research. 7(1): 24-30
Smith, P., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376-385.
Sourander, A., Klomek, A., Ikonen, M., Lindroos, J., Luntamo, T., Koskelainen, M., ... & Helenius, H. (2010). Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents: A population-based study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(7), 720-728
Taiariol, J. (2010). Cyberbullying: The role of family and school. A doctoral dissertation, Wayne State University.
Thornton Jr, D. (2014). Cyberbullying and the first amendment in schools: Protected speech or punishable act? A doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Tokunaga, R. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277-28
Townsel, A. (2015). Principals' perceptions of social networking access, Its relationship to cyberbullying, the importance of student achievement, and the school environment. A doctoral dissertation, Howard University.
Watson, D. (2014). Awareness, interventions, and perceptions of cyber-bullying among middle school educators. A doctoral dissertation, Walden University
Ybarra, M., & Mitchell, K. (2004). Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(7), 1308-1316
Yudes, C., Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2020). Predictive factors of cyberbullying perpetration amongst Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 1-14.
Zsila, ?., Urb?n, R., & Demetrovics, Z. (2018). Gender, rumination, and awareness of the perpetrator’s identity as predictors of help-seeking among cyberbullying victims. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-12
References:
Alzahrani, Noura (2019). Family compatibility and its relation to electronic bullying in children. Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, 40, 157-182
Alsuwihri, Saud (2019). Mitigating electronic bullying behaviors and the negative impacts of cyber on the human personality. Journal of the College of Education, Tanta University, 73 (1), 684-716
Almustafa, Abdulaziz (2017) Motives of electronic bullying among children of the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, Scientific Publishing Center, University of Bahrain, 18(3), 243-260
Obaidat, Thoukan, Abdulhaqq, Kayed, Adass, Abdulrahman (2014). Scientific research: Concept, tools, and methods, Dar Al-Fikr, Amman, 16th Edition.
Olwan, Imad (2016). Bullying forms in light of some demographic variables among adolescent students in Abha. Journal of the College of Education, Al-Azhar University, 35 (168), 441-474
Mutawei, Diauddin, & Alkhalifa, Jaafar (2017). Principles and skills of research in educational, psychological and social sciences. Al-Mutanabbi Library, 3rd Edition.
Miqrani, Mubarka (2018). Relationship of electronic bullying with social anxiety: A field study on second year high school graders who are social networking addicts in some high schools in the City of Ouargla. Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla