مجلة العلوم التربوية والاجتماعية

Inclusive Education Divergences that Framing Across the Gulf Countries: Six Nation Critical Policy Analysis
التباينات في التعليم الشامل التي يتم تأطيرها عبر دول الخليج: تحليل نقدي للسياسات في ست دول

د. حمود بن عبد الله المغيره
أستاذ التربية الخاصة المشارك
قسم التربية الخاصة - كلية التربية - جامعة الملك سعود
Dr. Homoud Abdullah Almoghyrah
Associate Professor of Special Education
Department of Special Education - College of Education
King Saud University
Email: halmoghyrah@ksu.ed

التخصص العام: التربية الخاصة

التخصص الدقيق: صعوبات التعلم والإعاقة

DIO: 10.36046/2162-000-023-018
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الملخص
The potential for education to foster social justice and equity in a country hinges on a national curriculum that improves inclusion and cohesion. The Gulf region has divergent education systems with dissimilar ideas about defining and promoting inclusive education concerning students with disabilities. Across six nations (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, Qatar, and Bahrain), divergences in inclusive education framing are attributed to political and ideological motivations, resulting in their policy frameworks being complex and multifaceted. This article employs critical policy analysis to explore the issues surrounding inclusive education policies in these countries, as well as the steps taken regarding their impact on meeting the needs of students with disabilities. It also presents ideas for effective inclusive education approaches that support students with disabilities. The results of this analysis show that the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have minimum criteria for inclusive education policies to support students with disabilities in various areas of personal development and knowledge growth, with notable variations due to differing political ideologies. Saudi Arabia has the most inclusive policy, while other countries face challenges due to unclear support systems, hindering effective educational experiences. Therefore, recommendations are provided for developing multifaceted, community-oriented educational programs, school-based disability awareness initiatives, and teacher preparation and participation practices. Additionally, there is a need for civil societies to recognize these dynamic initiatives and empower students with disabilities.
Keywords: Inclusion; critical policy analysis, students with disabilities, education policy, Gulf countries
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المستخلص
إن قدرة التعليم وإمكانياته على تعزيز العدالة الاجتماعية والمساواة تتوقف على منهج وطني يعمل على تحسين الاندماج والترابط. وفي هذا الإطار تتمتع منطقة الخليج بنظام تعليمي متباين مع أفكار مختلفة ومتنوعة حول تعريف ووصف مفهوم التعليم الشامل الخاص بالطلاب ذوي الإعاقة. فعبر ست دول (المملكة العربية السعودية، والكويت، والإمارات العربية المتحدة، وعمان، وقطر، والبحرين)، تُعزى الاختلافات في تأطير التعليم الشامل إلى دوافع تنظيمية، مما أدى إلى أن تكون أطر ذات سياسات معقدة ومتعددة الأوجه. وعليه، استخدمت المقالة الحالبة تحليل السياسات النقدي لاستكشاف القضايا المحيطة بسياسات التعليم الشامل في هذه الدول، بالإضافة إلى الخطوات المتخذة تجاه آثارها على تلبية احتياجات الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة. كما تقدم المقالة أفكاراً حول مناهج التعليم الشامل الفعالة التي تدعم الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة. ولقد أظهرت نتائج هذا التحليل أن لدى الدول الست في مجلس التعاون الخليجي معاييراً دنيا لسياسات التعليم الشامل لدعم الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة في مجالات مختلفة من التنمية الشخصية ونمو المعرفة، مع تباين واضح يعود إلى اختلاف الأيديولوجيات السياسية. حيث تمتلك السعودية السياسة الأكثر شمولاً، بينما تواجه الدول الأخرى صعوبات بسبب نظم دعم غير واضحة، مما يعيق التجارب التعليمية الفعالة. ولذلك، تم تقديم توصيات من أجل تطوير برامج تعليمية متعددة الأوجه موجهة نحو المجتمع، وبرامج التوعية حول الإعاقة في المدارس، وإعداد المعلمين ومشاركتهم، بالإضافة إلى ذلك ضرورة اعتراف المجتمعات المدنية بهذه المبادرات الديناميكية وتمكين الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الدمج؛ التحليل النقدي للسياسات، الطلاب ذوي الإعاقة، سياسة التعليم، دول الخليج.

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