مجلة العلوم التربوية والاجتماعية

Employee engagement at the Islamic University of Madinah - ‎A Social Exchange Empirical Evidence and Analysis of the Annual Engagement Survey by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development
الارتباط الوظيفي في الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة - دليل تجريبي لنظرية التبادل الاجتماعي وتحليل استبيان الارتباط الوظيفي السنوي لوزارة الموارد البشرية والتنمية الاجتماعية

د. سامي بن غزاي السلمي
أستاذ القيادة التربوية المشارك
قسم التربية - كلية اللغة العربية والدراسات الإنسانية
الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة
Dr. Sami G. Alsulami
Associate Professor of Educational Leadership
Department of Education - College of Arabic Language and Humanities - Islamic University of Madinah
Email: sami.alsulami@iu.edu.sa

التخصص العام: الإدارة التربوية

التخصص الدقيق: القيادة التربوية

DOI: 10.36046/2162-000-023-017
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الملخص
The objective of this study is to document the impact of job satisfaction and work environment on employee engagement at the Islamic University of Madinah.  The study adopts the quantitative paradigm and tests predictive statements pertaining to social exchange theory.  In this fashion, the study estimates a partial least squares specification where the latent variables of job satisfaction and work environment are replicated in employee engagement via the mediating influences of social exchange variables.  The study employs the 2023 annual employee engagement survey developed by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (AEES).  Toward this end, the study complements AEES descriptive statistics with empirical evidence and contributes to the extant literature by documenting the impact of job satisfaction and work environment on employee engagement both directly and indirectly through social exchange effects.  In particular, the study shows that whereas mutual expectations and reciprocity tend to mediate the impact of job satisfaction on employee engagement, the social exchange effects of organizational trust and quality of work relationships tend to mediate the impact of work environment on employee engagement.  Moreover, the empirical evidence reported in this study falls short of establishing full mediation and suggests that employee perception of organizational fairness fails to mediate the impact of work environment on employee engagement as such perception might suffer from biases and subjectivity.  In this fashion, the study has policy implications for decision makers at the Islamic university of Madinah on issues involving inclusion, employee performance management, and employee work-life balance.      
Keywords: employee engagement; social exchange theory; job satisfaction; work environment
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المستخلص
تهدف الدراسة إلى قياس أثر الرضا الوظيفي وبيئة العمل على الارتباط الوظيفي في الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة.  وتعتمد الدراسة النموذج الكمي واختبار البيانات التنبؤية المتعلقة بنظرية التبادل الاجتماعي. واستخدمت الدراسة نموذج المربعات الصغرى حيث يتم قياس واختبار تأثير المتغيرات الكامنة للرضا الوظيفي وبيئة العمل على ارتباط الموظفين وذلك من خلال التأثيرات الوسيطة لمتغيرات التبادل الاجتماعي، واعتمدت الدراسة على تحليل بيانات الاستبيان السنوي لمشاركة الموظفين لعام 2023 والذي أعدته وزارة الموارد البشرية والتنمية الاجتماعية في المملكة.
وبالتالي قد تسهم الدراسة في إثراء الأدبيات المعاصرة من خلال توثيق تأثير الرضا الوظيفي وبيئة العمل على ارتباط الموظفين بشكل مباشر وغير مباشر من خلال تأثيرات التبادل الاجتماعي، كما أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنه كلما كانت التوقعات المتبادلة والمعاملة بالمثل تميل إلى التوسط في تأثير الرضا الوظيفي على ارتباط الموظفين، فإن آثار التبادل الاجتماعي للثقة التنظيمية وجودة علاقات العمل تميل إلى التوسط في تأثير بيئة العمل على ارتباط الموظفين.  كما تشير نتائج الدراسة أيضا إلى أن تصور الموظف للعدالة التنظيمية قد لا يتوسط تأثير بيئة العمل على ارتباط الموظف لاسيما أن هذا التصور قد يعاني من التحيز والذاتية.  وختاما قد تضيف هذه الدراسة لآلية صنع القرار في الجامعة الإسلامية بالمدينة المنورة بشأن القضايا المتعلقة بإدماج الموظفين وإدارة أداؤهم على الوجه الذي يتيح تحقيق غاية تطابق الأهداف بين الموظفين والمنظومة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: مشاركة الموظفين - نظرية التبادل الاجتماعي - الرضا الوظيفي - بيئة العمل.

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