جودة الحياة وعلاقتها بالكفاءة الذاتية المدركة لدى عينة من أمهات الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقات النمائية

Quality of Life and Its Relationship with Perceived Self-Efficacy Among a Sample of Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities

هدفت الدِّراسَة الحاليَّة إلى تحديد نوع العلاقة بين جودة الحياة والكفاءة الذاتيَّة لدى أُمَّهات الأشخاص من ذوي الإعاقات النمائيَّة في محافظة جدَّة. على عينة بلغ قوامها (407) أُمَّهات للأشخاص من ذوي (صعوبات التعلُّم، الإعاقة الفكريَّة، واضطراب طيف التوحُّد)، باعتماد المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وأسفرت النتائج عن أن مستوى جودة الحياة لدى أُمَّهات الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقات النمائيَّة جاء بدرجة كبيرة على أربعة أبعاد، وكانت على التوالي "الرضا عن الحياة والسعادة، الصِّحَّة الجسديَّة، العلاقات الأسريَّة والاجتماعيَّة، الصِّحَّة النفسيَّة"، ويليه البُعد (المادي)، وجاء بدرجة متوسِّطة وفي المرتبة الأخيرة، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة وجود علاقة إيجابيَّة طرديَّة متوسِّطة بين جودة الحياة والكفاءة الذاتيَّة المدركة، لدى أُمَّهات الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقات النمائيَّة. بالإضافة إلى وجود فروق في الأبعاد الفرديَّة لجودة الحياة، وجاءت على التوالي "الصِّحَّة الجسديَّة، الصِّحَّة النفسيَّة، العلاقات الأسريَّة والاجتماعيَّة، الرضا عن الحياة والسعادة"، مع عدم وجود فروق في (البعد المادي)، تبعًا لمتغير نوع الإعاقة للابن، كما أظهرت فروق في الدرجة الكليَّة لجودة الحياة بين الأشخاص ذوي الإعاقات النمائيَّة، وجاءت لصالح صعوبات التعلُّم. وفروق في (الصِّحَّة الجسديَّة)، وجاءت لصالح اضطراب طيف التوحُّد، وفروق في (العلاقات الأسريَّة والاجتماعيَّة، الرضا عن الحياة والسعادة، والكفاءة الذاتيَّة المدركة)، وجاءت لصالح الإعاقة الفكريَّة، وأوصت الباحثة بأهميَّة عمل برامج تدريبيَّة في تحسين مؤشرات جودة الحياة والكفاءة الذاتيَّة، لدى أُمَّهات ذوي الإعاقة؛ بهدف تمكينهنَّ على الصعيدين النفسي والشخصي. 

الكلمات المفتاحيَّة: جودة الحياة، الكفاءة الذاتيَّة المدركة، الأشخاص ذوو الإعاقات النمائيَّة، صعوبات التعلُّم، اضطراب طيف التوحُّد، الإعاقة الفكريَّة.

The aim of the current study was to determine the type of relationship between quality of life and perceived self-efficacy among mothers of children with developmental disabilities in Jeddah Governorate. The sample consisted of (407) mothers of children with learning difficulties, intellectual disabilities, and autism spectrum disorder, using a descriptive correlational research design.

The results showed that the level of quality of life among mothers of children with developmental disabilities was high across four dimensions: “life satisfaction and happiness, physical health, family and social relationships, and mental health” followed by the (intellectual disability) which was ranked last with a moderate level. Additionally, the results revealed a moderate positive correlation between quality of life and perceived self-efficacy among the mothers of children with developmental disabilities.

The study also found significant differences in the individual dimensions of quality of life, ranked in order as follows: “physical health, mental health, family and social relationships, and life satisfaction and happiness”, with no significant differences in the “intellectual disability” based on the type of disability of the child. Furthermore, there were differences in the overall quality of life among the children with developmental disabilities, with learning difficulties scoring the highest. Differences in (physical health) were found in favor of autism spectrum disorder, while differences in “family and social relationships, life satisfaction and happiness, and perceived self-efficacy” were found in favor of intellectual disabilities.

The researcher recommended the development of training programs aimed at improving quality of life and self-efficacy indicators among mothers of children with disabilities, to empower them psychologically and personally.

Keywords: Quality of Life, Perceived Self-Efficacy, People with Developmental Disabilities, Learning Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability.

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