الحروف الشائعة والحركات وتوظيفها في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها، سورة (النبأ) مثالا

Common letters and Vowels and their Use in Teaching Arabic to Non-Native Speakers, Surat An-Naba as Case Study

المستخلص:

تكمن مشكلة البحث في معرفة الحروف والحركات كثيرة الشيوع والشائعة وقليلة الشيوع وتوظيفها في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها.

وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى: معرفة أكثر الحروف شيوعًا؛ لتسهيل تعليمها لغير الناطقين بالعربية؛ لإفادة المؤلفين والمصممين لكتب ومناهج تعليم اللغة العربية بحيث تكون هذه الدراسة معينةً لهم على وضع المناهج الواضحة السلسة لمتعلمي العربية الناطقين بغيرها، واعتمدتُ على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والنسبة المئوية ثم الإحصاء.

  ومن النتائج التي تمّ التوصّل إليها ما يأتي:

-       الأحرف الأشيع هي: الألف، واللام، والنون، والواو، والميم، والياء، وكانت نسبة شيوعها ما بين 5-24%.

-       الأحرف الشائعة هي: الباء، والتاء، والجيم، والحاء، والراء، والدال، والفاء، والكاف، والقاف، والعين، والسين، والهاء، حيث بلغت نسبة شيوعها ما بين 5-24%.

-       الحروف قليلة الشيوع، هي: الثاء، والذال، والشين، والصاد، والخاءـ، والزاي، والضاد، والطاء، والظاء، والغين، وكانت نسبة شيوعها أقلّ من 2%.

-       الحركات الأشيع هي: (الفتحة القصيرة، والكسرة القصيرة، والفتحة الطويلة، والضمة القصيرة) وكانت نسبة شيوعها بين 9-44%.

-       الحركات الشائعة هي: (الكسرة الطويلة)، وكانت نسبة شيوعها بين 2-4%.

-     الحركات قليلة الشيوع هي :( الضمة الطويلة)، وكانت نسبة شيوعها أقلّ من 2%.

-       الحركات التي لم ترد: (الضمتان، والشدة مع الضمتين، والشدة مع الكسرتين).

Abstract:

The research problem lies in identifying the common letters and vowels and those that are not common, and their usage in the teaching of Arabic language to non-native speakers.

This study aims at: identifying the common letters, in order to ease its teaching to those who do not speak Arabic, for the benefit of authors and designers of books and syllabi of Arabic teaching, in order that this study will help them in introducing clear and easy syllabi for the non-native students of Arabic, and the researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method and percentage and counting.

Among the findings reached include the following:

- The most common letters are: Alif, Lam, Nun, Waw, Mim, and Yaa,. their prevalence rate is between 5-24%.

- The common letters are: Baa, Taa, Jim, ?aa, Ra, Dal, Faa, Kaf, Qaf, ‘Ayn, Siin, and Haa. Their prevalence rate is between 5-24%.

-The few uncommon letters are: Tha, ?h?l, Shin, ??d, Kha, Z?y, ?h?d, Taa, ?haa, and Ghain. Their prevalence rate is less than 2%.

-The most common vowels are: (the short fat?a, the short kasra, the long fat?a, and the short damma). Their prevalence rate is between 9-44%.

- The common vowel is: (the long kasra). Its prevalence is between 2-4%.

- The uncommon vowel is: (the long damma). Its prevalence rate is less than 2%.

- The vowels that are absent are: (the dammatan, the shadda with

the dammatain, and the shadda with the kasratain)

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