مجلة الجامعة الإسلامية للعلوم التطبيقية

Thermal Properties of  Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O 11+ delta  Superconductor and Determination of the Optimal Processing

Belqees Hassan

الكلمات مفتاحية: Thermal properties; Differential Scanning Calorimetry; Thermogravimetric Analysis; Thermal stability.

التخصص العام: Science

التخصص الدقيق: Superconductivity

https://doi.org/10.63070/jesc.2025.020; Received 01 June 2025; Revised 20 July 2025; Accepted 30 July 2025. Available online 08 September 2025.
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الملخص

This research investigates the thermal properties of Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O 11+ delta high-temperature superconductor using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The study aims to understand the thermal behavior and optimize processing conditions for enhanced superconducting performance. A 40 mg sample was synthesized using a one-step solid-state reaction method and analyzed in air atmosphere from room temperature to 1200°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min.  DSC analysis revealed four distinct exothermic peaks at 824°C, 839°C, 907°C, and 935°C, corresponding to superconducting phase formation, crystallographic transformations, phase decomposition, and structural breakdown, respectively. The optimal thermal processing window was identified as 820-840°C for controlled structural formation. TGA analysis demonstrated excellent thermal stability with total weight loss not exceeding 5% up to 1200°C. Specific heat capacity measurements identified two major thermal transitions: the first at 824°C (Cp = 10 J/g·°C) related to secondary phase melting, and the second at 933°C (Cp = 12 J/g·°C) corresponding to primary superconducting phase melting. These findings provide valuable insights into the optimal processing conditions for Tl?Ba?Ca?Cu?O????, emphasizing the importance of precise temperature control to maximize phase purity, thermal stability, and superconducting performance.

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